头颈部鳞癌相关生物标志物与免疫治疗预后的关系

头颈部鳞癌(HNSCC)是世界上第六大常见的恶性肿瘤,每年发病超过55万,死亡超过30万人,吸烟和饮酒是其主要危险因素。HNSCC的治疗方案主要是基于TNM分期、以外科手术为主的综合疗法(放疗、化疗及生物治疗)。对于HNSCC的治疗,其5年生存率近年来一直没有改善,因此,需要新的治疗方法提高患者生存率,改善患者生活质量。当今研究热点是以免疫治疗为主的生物靶向治疗在HNSCC的广泛应用,本研究旨在探讨HNSCC相关生物标志物与免疫治疗预后的关系。     

芍药甘草汤联合硫酸镁对先兆早产母婴结局及孕妇血清NO、IL-6水平的影响

目的:观察芍药甘草汤联合硫酸镁对先兆早产母婴结局及对孕妇血清白细胞介素6(interleukin-6,IL-6)、一氧化氮(nitric oxide,NO)水平的影响.方法:将80例先兆早产孕妇按随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,每组40例.对照组予硫酸镁注射液治疗,观察组在此基础上联合芍药甘草汤治疗.观察两组治疗后孕期延长(宫缩消失时间、延长妊娠时间)和新生儿情况(胎儿娩出Apgar评分、新生儿出生体质量)、保胎成功率及不良反应发生情况,检测两组血清IL-6、NO水平.结果:治疗后观察组宫缩消失时间明显低于对照组(P<0.05);延长妊娠时间、胎儿娩出Apgar评分及新生儿出生体质量均明显高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组保胎成功率[95.00％(38/40)]高于对照组[77.50％(31/40)](P<0.05);两组不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后两组IL-6、NO水平均较治疗前下降(P<0.05),且观察组降低较对照组更明显(P<0.05).结论:芍药甘草汤联合硫酸镁能够明显改善先兆早产孕妇的妊娠结局与新生儿结局,其机制可能与降低血清IL-6、NO水平有关.     

STAG2 loss rewires oncogenic and developmental programs to promote metastasis in Ewing sarcoma

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我国高等医学院校医学人才培养体制现状调查与分析

目的  为了遵循医学人才培养规律，规范医学人才培养体制，提高医学人才培养质量，探索符合我国实际需求的医学人才培养模式。方法  采用问卷调查法对全国140所高等医学院校进行调查，并对相关调查结果进行分析。结果  ①86.96%的高校对统一规范为“5+3”一体化为主体，同时参加住院医师规范化培训，毕业合格者授予医学博士（MD）学位表示赞成。②76.80%的高校对将“5+3”一体化作为培养全科医生主要渠道的医学博士培养体系表示赞成。③90.40%的高校对通过“5+3+X”一贯制培养授予MD+PhD项目，培养复合型高水平临床医学人才表示赞成。④84.80%的高校对医学学位授予与专科医师规范化培训相脱离，后者应纳入职业培训范畴表示赞成。结论  全面推进落实“5+3”为主体的高素质临床医学相关人才培养模式，将培养目标定位为以满足社会需求的高水平全科医生为主体，加快高层次复合型医学人才的培养体系建设。     

呼吸机相关性肺炎集束化护理方案实施不佳原因的质性研究

目的了解ICU护士预防呼吸机相关性肺炎集束化护理方案临床实施不佳的原因,为护理管理提供参考。方法采用质性研究的现象学方法,对在我中心ICU工作1年以上的19名护理人员进行深入访谈,按现象学研究方法整理分析资料。结果通过阅读、分析、反思、分类,提炼4个主题,包括病情限制不能实施相关护理、低学历低年资护士缺乏业务知识和临床经验、护理任务繁重而人员相对短缺的困扰、医嘱执行中的不规范问题。结论 ICU护士预防呼吸机相关性肺炎集束化护理方案实施不佳的主要原因有多方面,需引起护理管理者的重视,采取有效应对来促进护理质量持续改进。     

Increased expression of GAB1 promotes inflammation and fibrosis in systemic sclerosis

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune disease mainly characterized by persistent inflammation and fibrosis. The receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signal pathway plays an important role in the process of SSc, and Grb2‐associated binding protein (GAB) is crucial in activating RTK signalling. A previous study found elevated levels of GAB1 in bleomycin (BLM)‐induced fibrotic lungs, but the effects of GAB1 in SSc remain unclear. Our aim was to investigate whether GAB1 was dysregulated and its potential role in SSc. Compared with healthy donors, we found GAB1 expression was 1.6‐fold higher in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), 2.5‐fold higher in CD4 + T cells, and 2‐fold higher in skin from of SSc patients (P < .01). At the same time, the levels of type one collagen (COLI) were also significantly increased (1.8‐fold higher) in SSc skin. Additionally, BLM‐induced SSc mice showed mRNA levels of Gab1 2‐fold higher than saline‐treated controls, and Gab1 expression correlated positively with collagen content. A further in vitro study showed silencing of GAB1 suppressed inflammatory gene expression in TNF‐α induced fibroblasts. Additionally, GAB1 deficiency prominently inhibited cell proliferation and reduced COLI protein levels in TGF‐β induced fibroblasts. Taken together, these data suggest that GAB1 has a relatively high expression rate in SSc, and knockdown of GAB1 may attenuate SSc by stimulating inflammatory and fibrotic processes.     

中医思维：中医药文化自信的内在逻辑

中医思维传承中国古代哲学的辩证思维传统，以独特的视角、方式和方法研究人类健康、生命及其疾病现象，表现出中华民族特有的原创思维特征。传承中医思维是坚定中医药文化自信的历史逻辑，创新中医思维是坚定中医药文化自信的理论逻辑，养成中医思维是坚定中医药文化自信的实践逻辑。中医药院校必须改革创新培养路径，培养出具有中医思维自觉的“铁杆”中医人才。     

Detection of Individual Prostate Cancer Foci via Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Background

Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) undoubtedly affects the diagnosis and treatment of localized prostate cancer (CaP). However, clinicians need a better understanding of its accuracy and limitations in detecting individual CaP foci to optimize management.